Cannabis Trafficking in Mexico During the 2000s
How Mexican drug cartels became dominant cannabis suppliers to North America during a decade of escalating vio...
Cannabis Trafficking in Mexico in the 1980s
How U.S. drug-war pressure, the Guadalajara Cartel, and the murder of a DEA agent reshaped Mexican cannabis sm...
Cannabis Trafficking in North Africa During the 1940s
How wartime disruption, French colonial monopolies, and postwar smuggling networks reshaped the Maghreb kif tr...
Cannabis Trafficking in North Africa During the 1970s
How Morocco's Rif region became the world's dominant hashish exporter during a decade of policy contradictions...
Cannabis Trafficking in South America During the 2000s
How Paraguay became the continent's cannabis factory and Brazil its largest market during a decade of expandin...
Cannabis Trafficking in South Asia During the 1910s
How colonial excise systems, princely state borders, and early international drug diplomacy shaped ganja and c...
Cannabis Trafficking in Southeast Asia During the 1980s
How Thai stick, Cambodian border routes, and the U.S. drug war reshaped a regional cannabis economy over one t...
Cannabis Trafficking in Southeast Asia During the 1990s
How the Golden Triangle's cannabis trade shifted, contracted, and was reshaped by crackdowns, opium displaceme...
Cannabis Trafficking in Sub-Saharan Africa During the 1910s
How colonial anxieties, migrant labor, and early international drug politics shaped cannabis flows across Afri...
Cannabis Trafficking in Sub-Saharan Africa During the 1930s
How colonial anxieties, League of Nations diplomacy, and long-standing regional trade routes shaped African ca...
Cannabis Trafficking in Sub-Saharan Africa During the 1940s
Colonial-era drug trade patterns and the emergence of organized cannabis networks in Africa.
Cannabis Trafficking in Western Europe During the 1940s
A wartime decade when cannabis smuggling in Western Europe was small, sporadic, and overshadowed by opium and...
Cannabis Trafficking in Western Europe During the 2000s
How Dutch production, Balkan routes, and organized crime reshaped European drug markets in the early 21st cent...
Cannabis Trafficking in Western Europe During the 20th Century
How hashish routes from Morocco, Lebanon, and Afghanistan reshaped European drug markets between 1900 and 2000...
Cannabis Trafficking in the Caribbean During the 1920s
How Caribbean drug routes emerged during Prohibition and shaped modern smuggling networks.
Cannabis Trafficking in the Middle East During the 1970s
How Lebanon's Bekaa Valley, Afghan hashish routes, and Cold War politics shaped a decade of regional drug comm...
Cannabis Trafficking in the United States During the 1940s
How wartime enforcement, the Marihuana Tax Act, and a brief federal hemp revival shaped the 1940s American can...
Cannabis Trafficking in the United States During the 1950s
How Cold War-era drug panic, the Boggs and Narcotic Control Acts, and a small illicit market defined 1950s Ame...
Cannabis Trafficking in the United States During the 1970s
How Mexican brick weed, Colombian sinsemilla, and the DEA's early campaigns reshaped the American cannabis mar...
Cannabis Use Among U.S. Soldiers in the Vietnam War
How cannabis became a fixture of American GI life in Vietnam, why officials panicked, and why heroin ultimatel...
Cannabis Use in Sufi Orders
How hashish became entwined with medieval Islamic mysticism, what the primary sources actually say, and where...
Cannabis and Bob Marley's Death: Rumor vs. Reality
Bob Marley died of metastatic melanoma in 1981, not from cannabis use — but the myth persists for cultural rea...
Cannabis and Canadian Music in the 1960s
How a small folk and rock scene in Toronto, Montreal, and Yorkville absorbed cannabis culture during Canada's...
Cannabis and Western European Popular Music in the 1970s
How cannabis became woven into European rock, reggae, and progressive music scenes during a decade of cultural...